Ko da yakefilastik bawuloliwani lokaci ana ɗaukarsa azaman samfuri na musamman - zaɓi na farko ga mutanen da ke kera ko kera samfuran bututun filastik don tsarin masana'antu ko waɗanda dole ne su sami kayan aiki masu tsafta - yana ɗaukar cewa waɗannan bawul ɗin ba su da yawan amfanin gaba ɗaya-hangen nesa. A gaskiya ma, bawul ɗin filastik na yau suna da amfani da yawa, saboda nau'ikan kayan suna ci gaba da fadadawa, kuma masu zanen kaya masu kyau waɗanda ke buƙatar waɗannan kayan suna nufin cewa akwai ƙarin hanyoyin da za a yi amfani da waɗannan kayan aiki masu yawa.

KAYAN FALASTIC

Abubuwan amfani da bawuloli na thermoplastic suna da fadi-lalata, sunadarai da juriya; santsi na ciki ganuwar; nauyi mai sauƙi; sauƙi na shigarwa; tsawon rai; da rage tsadar rayuwa. Wadannan fa'idodin sun haifar da yarda da bawul ɗin filastik a cikin aikace-aikacen kasuwanci da masana'antu kamar rarraba ruwa, jiyya na ruwa, ƙarfe da sarrafa sinadarai, abinci da magunguna, masana'antar wutar lantarki, matatun mai da bawul ɗin moPlastic ana iya kera su daga wasu abubuwa daban-daban da aka yi amfani da su. a cikin adadi da yawa. Mafi yawan bawul ɗin thermoplastic an yi su da polyvinyl chloride (PVC), chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC), polypropylene (PP), da polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). Bawuloli na PVC da CPVC galibi ana haɗa su zuwa tsarin bututu ta hanyar ƙarewar siminti mai ƙarfi, ko zaren zaren da flanged; alhãli kuwa, PP da PVDF suna buƙatar haɗuwa da sassan tsarin bututu, ko dai ta fasahar zafi-, butt- ko electro-fusion.

Thermoplastic bawuloli sun yi fice a cikin mahalli masu lalata, amma suna da amfani sosai a sabis na ruwa na gabaɗaya saboda ba su da gubar1, juriya kuma ba za su yi tsatsa ba. PVC da CPVC tsarin bututu da bawuloli ya kamata a gwada da kuma ba da bokan zuwa NSF [National Sanitation Foundation] misali 61 don kiwon lafiya, ciki har da ƙananan gubar da ake bukata don Annex G. Za a iya sarrafa kayan da ya dace don lalata ruwa ta hanyar tuntuɓar juriya na masana'anta. jagora da fahimtar tasirin da zafin jiki zai yi akan ƙarfin kayan filastik.

Ko da yake polypropylene yana da rabin ƙarfin PVC da CPVC, yana da mafi yawan juriya na sinadarai saboda babu wasu abubuwan da aka sani. PP yana aiki da kyau a cikin ma'auni na acetic acid da hydroxides, kuma ya dace da mafita mafi sauƙi na yawancin acid, alkalis, salts da yawancin sinadarai na halitta.

Ana samun PP azaman abu mai launi ko mara launi (na halitta). PP na halitta yana da matuƙar ƙasƙantar da shi ta hanyar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, amma mahadi waɗanda suka ƙunshi fiye da 2.5% carbon baƙar fata pigmentation suna da isasshen UV.

Ana amfani da tsarin bututun PVDF a aikace-aikacen masana'antu iri-iri daga magunguna zuwa ma'adinai saboda ƙarfin PVDF, zafin aiki da juriya na sinadarai ga salts, acid mai ƙarfi, tushe mai tsarma da sauran kaushi na halitta da yawa. Ba kamar PP ba, PVDF ba ta lalacewa ta hasken rana; duk da haka, filastik yana bayyana ga hasken rana kuma yana iya fallasa ruwan zuwa hasken UV. Yayin da yanayin halitta, ƙirar PVDF mara launi ba shi da kyau don tsafta mai tsafta, aikace-aikacen cikin gida, ƙara launi kamar ja mai darajan abinci zai ba da izinin fallasa hasken rana ba tare da wani mummunan tasiri akan matsakaicin ruwa ba.

Tsarin robobi suna da ƙalubalen ƙira, kamar hankali ga zafin jiki da faɗaɗa zafin jiki da ƙanƙancewa, amma injiniyoyi za su iya kuma sun tsara tsarin bututu mai fa'ida mai ɗorewa mai ɗorewa don yanayin gaba ɗaya da lalata. Babban la'akari da ƙira shine ƙimar haɓakar thermal faɗaɗa don robobi ya fi ƙarfe - thermoplastic shine sau biyar zuwa shida na ƙarfe, alal misali.

Lokacin zayyana tsarin bututu da la'akari da tasiri akan sanyawa bawul da goyan bayan bawul, muhimmin la'akari a cikin thermoplastics shine haɓakar thermal. Ana iya rage damuwa da ƙarfin da ke haifar da haɓakar zafin jiki da ƙaddamarwa ta hanyar samar da sassauci a cikin tsarin bututu ta hanyar sau da yawa canje-canje a cikin shugabanci ko ƙaddamar da madaukai na fadadawa. Ta hanyar samar da wannan sassaucin ra'ayi tare da tsarin bututu, ba za a buƙaci bawul ɗin filastik don ɗaukar yawancin damuwa ba (Hoto 1).

Saboda thermoplastics suna kula da zafin jiki, ƙimar matsi na bawul yana raguwa yayin da zafin jiki ya tashi. Kayayyakin filastik daban-daban suna da daidaitaccen lalacewa tare da ƙara yawan zafin jiki. Zazzabi mai yuwuwa ba shine kawai tushen zafi wanda zai iya shafar ƙimar matsi na bawul ɗin filastik-mafi girman zafin jiki na waje yana buƙatar zama wani ɓangare na ƙira. A wasu lokuta, rashin ƙira don bututun zafin jiki na waje na iya haifar da wuce gona da iri saboda rashin tallafin bututu. PVC yana da matsakaicin zafin sabis na 140 ° F; CPVC yana da iyakar 220°F; PP yana da iyakar 180 ° F; da bawul ɗin PVDF na iya kula da matsa lamba har zuwa 280°F (Hoto na 2).

A ɗayan ƙarshen ma'aunin zafin jiki, yawancin tsarin bututun filastik suna aiki sosai a yanayin zafi ƙasa da daskarewa. A haƙiƙa, ƙarfin ƙarfi yana ƙaruwa a cikin bututun thermoplastic yayin da zafin jiki ya ragu. Koyaya, juriyar tasirin yawancin robobi yana raguwa yayin da zafin jiki ya faɗi, kuma raguwa yana bayyana a cikin kayan bututun da abin ya shafa. Muddin bawul ɗin bawul da tsarin bututun da ke kusa da su ba su da damuwa, ba a jefa su cikin haɗari ta hanyar busawa ko buguwa na abubuwa ba, kuma ba a zubar da bututun a lokacin sarrafawa ba, ana rage illa ga bututun filastik.

NAU'I NA THERMOPLASTIC valves

Kwallon kwando,duba bawuloli,malam buɗe idoAna samun bawul ɗin diaphragm a cikin kowane kayan thermoplastic daban-daban don tsara tsarin bututun matsa lamba 80 waɗanda kuma suna da zaɓin datsa da kayan haɗi da yawa. Daidaitaccen bawul ɗin ƙwallon ƙafa an fi samun shi azaman ƙirar ƙungiyar gaskiya don sauƙaƙe cirewar jikin bawul don kulawa ba tare da rushewar haɗa bututun ba. Ana samun bawul ɗin dubawa na thermoplastic azaman duban ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa, cakuɗe-haɗe, y-checks da mazugi. Bawuloli na malam buɗe ido cikin sauƙi suna haɗuwa tare da flanges na ƙarfe saboda sun dace da ramukan kulle, da'irar da'ira da gabaɗayan girman ANSI Class 150. Diamita mai santsi na cikin sassan thermoplastic kawai yana ƙara madaidaicin iko na bawul ɗin diaphragm.

Bawul ɗin ƙwallon ƙafa a cikin PVC da CPVC ana kera su da yawa daga kamfanonin Amurka da na ƙasashen waje a cikin girman 1/2 inch zuwa inci 6 tare da soket, zaren zaren ko haɗin haɗin flanged. Haƙiƙanin ƙirar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa na zamani ya haɗa da kwayoyi biyu waɗanda ke dunƙule jikin jiki, matsar da hatimin elastomeric tsakanin masu haɗin jiki da ƙarshen. Wasu masana'antun sun kiyaye tsayin bawul ɗin ball iri ɗaya da zaren goro tsawon shekaru da yawa don ba da izinin sauya tsofaffin bawul ɗin cikin sauƙi ba tare da gyaggyarawa ga bututun da ke kusa ba.

Bawul ɗin ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa tare da ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) elastomeric like yakamata a ba su takaddun shaida zuwa NSF-61G don amfani a cikin ruwan sha. Ana iya amfani da hatimin elastomeric Fluorocarbon (FKM) azaman madadin tsarin da dacewa da sinadarai ke damuwa. Hakanan za'a iya amfani da FKM a yawancin aikace-aikacen da suka shafi acid acid, ban da hydrogen chloride, mafita na gishiri, chlorinated hydrocarbons da mai.

Hoto 3. A flanged ball bawul da aka haɗe zuwa wani tankiHoto 4. A ball duba bawul shigar a tsayePVC da CPVC ball bawuloli, 1/2-inch ta 2 inci, ne mai yiwuwa wani zaɓi don zafi da ruwan sanyi aikace-aikace inda matsakaicin ruwa mara girgiza. sabis na iya zama babba kamar 250 psi a 73°F. Manyan bawul ɗin ball, 2-1/2 inci zuwa inci 6, za su sami ƙarancin ƙimar 150 psi a 73°F. Yawanci ana amfani dashi a cikin isar da sinadarai, PP da PVDF ball bawul (Hoto na 3 da 4), ana samun su a cikin masu girma dabam 1/2-inch zuwa inci 4 tare da soket, zaren zaren ko haɗin-ƙarshen-ƙarshen ana ƙididdige su zuwa matsakaicin sabis na ruwa mara girgiza. 150 psi a yanayin zafi.

Thermoplastic ball duba bawuloli dogara a kan ball tare da wani takamaiman nauyi kasa da na ruwa, ta yadda idan matsa lamba aka rasa a kan na sama gefen, ball zai nutse da baya a kan hatimi surface. Ana iya amfani da waɗannan bawul ɗin a cikin sabis ɗaya kamar nau'ikan ƙwallon ƙwallon filastik iri ɗaya saboda ba su gabatar da sabbin abubuwa zuwa tsarin ba. Sauran nau'ikan bawul ɗin bincike na iya haɗawa da maɓuɓɓugan ƙarfe waɗanda ƙila ba za su dawwama a cikin lalatattun wurare ba.

Hoto 5. Bawul ɗin malam buɗe ido tare da layin elastomeric Bawul ɗin malam buɗe ido mai girman inci 2 zuwa inci 24 ya shahara don tsarin bututun diamita mafi girma. Masu kera robobi na malam buɗe ido suna ɗaukar hanyoyi daban-daban ga ginin da rufe saman. Wasu suna amfani da elastomeric liner (Hoto na 5) ko O-ring, yayin da wasu ke amfani da fayafai mai rufaffiyar elastomeric. Wasu suna yin jiki daga abu ɗaya, amma na ciki, abubuwan da aka jika suna aiki azaman kayan tsarin, ma'ana jikin bawul ɗin malam buɗe ido na polypropylene na iya ƙunsar layin EPDM da fayafai na PVC ko wasu jeri da yawa tare da fitattun ma'aunin thermoplastics da hatimin elastomeric.

Shigar da bawul ɗin malam buɗe ido yana da sauƙi saboda ana ƙera waɗannan bawuloli don zama salon wafer tare da hatimin elastomeric da aka ƙera a cikin jiki. Ba sa buƙatar ƙari na gasket. Saita tsakanin ɓangarorin mating guda biyu, ƙulla bawul ɗin malam buɗe ido dole ne a kula da shi da kulawa ta hanyar haura zuwa jujjuyawar da aka ba da shawarar a matakai uku. Ana yin wannan don tabbatar da hatimi ko da yaushe a saman saman kuma cewa ba a sanya madaidaicin damuwa na inji akan bawul.

Hoto 6. Ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun za su sami manyan ayyukan filastik diaphragm bawul tare da ƙafar ƙafa da matsayi da aka saba (Figure 6); duk da haka, bawul ɗin diaphragm na filastik na iya haɗawa da wasu fa'idodi daban-daban gami da santsin bangon jikin thermoplastic. Kamar bawul ɗin ƙwallon filastik, masu amfani da waɗannan bawuloli suna da zaɓi don shigar da ƙirar ƙungiyar ta gaskiya, wanda zai iya zama da amfani musamman don aikin kulawa akan bawul. Ko, mai amfani zai iya zaɓar haɗin haɗin kai. Saboda duk zaɓuɓɓukan kayan jiki da diaphragm, ana iya amfani da wannan bawul a aikace-aikacen sinadarai iri-iri.

Kamar kowane bawul, maɓalli don kunna bawul ɗin filastik shine ƙayyadaddun buƙatun aiki kamar pneumatic da lantarki da DC da ƙarfin AC. Amma tare da filastik, mai zane da mai amfani kuma dole ne su fahimci irin yanayin da zai kewaye mai kunnawa. Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, bawul ɗin filastik babban zaɓi ne don yanayi mai lalacewa, wanda ya haɗa da yanayin lalata na waje. Saboda wannan, kayan gidaje na masu kunnawa don bawul ɗin filastik yana da mahimmancin la'akari. Masu kera bawul ɗin filastik suna da zaɓuɓɓuka don biyan buƙatun waɗannan gurɓatattun mahalli a cikin nau'ikan injina da aka lulluɓe da filastik ko lamunin ƙarfe mai rufin epoxy.

Kamar yadda wannan labarin ya nuna, bawuloli na filastik a yau suna ba da kowane nau'i na zaɓuɓɓuka don sababbin aikace-aikace da yanayi.