Bututun sinadarai da bawuloli muhimmin bangare ne na samar da sinadarai da kuma hanyar haɗin kayan aikin sinadarai daban-daban. Ta yaya bawuloli 5 da aka fi amfani da su a cikin bututun sinadarai ke aiki? Babban manufar? Menene bawulolin sinadarai da kayan aikinsu? (Irin bututu 11 + nau'ikan kayan aikin bututu 4 + manyan bawuloli 11) Bututun sinadarai, duk waɗannan abubuwan an ƙware su a cikin wani labari guda!

Bututun sinadarai da kayan aiki bawuloli

An rarraba nau'ikan bututun sinadarai ta hanyar kayan aiki: bututun ƙarfe da bututun da ba na ƙarfe ba.

Bututun ƙarfe

Bututun ƙarfe da aka yi da ƙarfe, bututun ƙarfe da aka haɗa, bututun ƙarfe marasa sulɓi, bututun jan ƙarfe, bututun aluminum, da bututun gubar.

① Bututun ƙarfe mai juyi:

Bututun ƙarfe na siminti yana ɗaya daga cikin bututun da ake amfani da su a bututun sinadarai.

Saboda karyewar sa da kuma rashin ƙarfin haɗa shi, ya dace ne kawai don isar da kayan aiki masu ƙarancin matsin lamba, kuma bai dace da isar da tururi mai zafi da ƙarfi da abubuwa masu guba da fashewa ba. Ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin bututun samar da ruwa na ƙarƙashin ƙasa, bututun iskar gas da bututun magudanar ruwa. Ana bayyana ƙayyadaddun bututun ƙarfe ta hanyar diamita na ciki × kauri na bango (mm).

② Bututun ƙarfe mai sumul:

An raba bututun ƙarfe na ɗinki zuwa bututun iskar gas na ruwa na yau da kullun (juriyar matsin lamba 0.1~1.0MPa) da kuma bututu masu kauri (juriyar matsin lamba 1.0~0.5MPa) gwargwadon matsin aikinsu.

Ana amfani da shi gabaɗaya don jigilar ruwa mai matsi kamar ruwa, iskar gas, tururi mai dumama, iska mai matsewa, da mai. Ana kiran bututun galvanized bututun ƙarfe ko bututun galvanized. Waɗanda ba su da galvanized ana kiransu bututun baƙin ƙarfe. Ana bayyana ƙayyadaddunsa ta hanyar diamita mai suna. Mafi ƙarancin diamita mai suna shine 6mm kuma matsakaicin diamita mai suna shine 150mm.

③ bututun ƙarfe mara sumul:

Amfanin bututun ƙarfe mara sulɓi shine ingancinsa iri ɗaya da ƙarfinsa mai girma.

Kayan aikin sune ƙarfen carbon, ƙarfe mai inganci, ƙarfe mai ƙarancin ƙarfe, bakin ƙarfe, da ƙarfe mai jure zafi. Saboda hanyoyin kera daban-daban, akwai nau'i biyu: bututun ƙarfe mara laushi da bututun ƙarfe mara laushi da bututun ƙarfe mara laushi da aka ja sanyi. A fannin injiniyan bututun, ana amfani da bututun ƙarfe mai zafi idan diamita ya wuce 57mm, kuma ana amfani da bututun ƙarfe mai sanyi idan diamita ya ƙasa da 57mm.

Ana amfani da bututun ƙarfe marasa sumul don jigilar dukkan nau'ikan iskar gas, tururi da ruwa mai matsa lamba, kuma suna iya jure yanayin zafi mafi girma (kimanin 435°C). Ana amfani da bututun ƙarfe na ƙarfe don jigilar kayan lalata, waɗanda daga cikinsu bututun ƙarfe masu jure zafi na iya jure yanayin zafi har zuwa 900-950℃. Ana bayyana ƙayyadaddun bututun ƙarfe mara sumul ta hanyar diamita na ciki × kauri bango (mm).

Matsakaicin diamita na waje na bututun da aka ja da sanyi shine 200mm, kuma matsakaicin diamita na waje na bututun da aka birgima mai zafi shine 630mm. Ana raba bututun ƙarfe marasa sumul zuwa bututun gama gari marasa sumul da bututu na musamman marasa sumul bisa ga amfaninsu, kamar bututun mai marasa sumul, bututun boiler marasa sumul, da bututun taki marasa sumul.

④ Bututun tagulla:

Bututun jan ƙarfe yana da kyakkyawan tasirin canja wurin zafi.

Ana amfani da shi galibi a bututun kayan aikin musayar zafi da na'urorin cryogenic, bututun auna matsin lamba na kayan aiki ko jigilar ruwa mai matsin lamba, amma idan zafin ya fi 250 ℃, bai dace a yi amfani da shi a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba ba. Saboda farashin ya fi tsada, galibi ana amfani da shi a wurare masu mahimmanci.

⑤Bututun Aluminum:

Aluminum yana da kyakkyawan juriya ga lalata.

Ana amfani da bututun aluminum sau da yawa don jigilar kayan aiki kamar sulfuric acid mai ƙarfi, acetic acid, hydrogen sulfide da carbon dioxide, kuma ana amfani da su sosai a cikin na'urorin musanya zafi. Bututun aluminum ba su da juriya ga alkali kuma ba za a iya amfani da su don jigilar mafita na alkaline da mafita waɗanda ke ɗauke da ions na chloride ba.

Ganin cewa ƙarfin injinan bututun aluminum yana raguwa sosai tare da ƙaruwar zafin jiki, zafin amfani da bututun aluminum ba zai iya wuce 200°C ba, kuma zafin amfani zai yi ƙasa da na bututun da ke matsewa. Aluminum yana da ingantattun kaddarorin injiniya a ƙananan yanayin zafi, don haka galibi ana amfani da bututun aluminum da aluminum a cikin na'urorin raba iska.

⑥ Bututun Gubar:

Ana amfani da bututun gubar a matsayin bututun da ake amfani da su wajen jigilar sinadarin acid. Suna iya jigilar sinadarin sulfuric acid 0.5%-15%, carbon dioxide, 60% hydrofluoric acid, da kuma acetic acid wanda yawansa bai wuce 80% ba. Bai dace da jigilar sinadarin nitric acid, sinadarin hypochlorous acid da sauran hanyoyin sadarwa ba. Matsakaicin zafin aiki na bututun gubar shine 200℃.

Ba bututun ƙarfe ba

Bututun filastik, bututun filastik, bututun gilashi, bututun yumbu, bututun siminti.

①Bututun filastik:

Fa'idodin bututun filastik sune juriya mai kyau ga tsatsa, nauyi mai sauƙi, ƙera kayan da suka dace da kuma sauƙin sarrafawa.

Rashin kyawunsa shine ƙarancin ƙarfi da kuma rashin juriyar zafi.

A halin yanzu, bututun filastik da aka fi amfani da su sune bututun polyvinyl chloride mai tauri, bututun polyvinyl chloride mai laushi, bututun polyethylene,bututun polypropylene, da bututun ƙarfe masu polyolefin da polychlorotrifluoroethylene da aka fesa a saman.

②Bututun roba:

Bututun roba yana da juriya mai kyau ga tsatsa, nauyi mai sauƙi, kyakkyawan filastik, sassauƙa da sauƙin shigarwa da wargazawa.

Bututun roba da ake amfani da su galibi ana yin su ne da roba ta halitta ko robar roba, kuma sun dace da lokutan da buƙatun matsi ba su da yawa.

③Gilashin bututu:

Bututun gilashin yana da fa'idodi kamar juriyar tsatsa, bayyanannen abu, tsaftacewa mai sauƙi, ƙarancin juriya, da ƙarancin farashi. Rashin kyawunsa shine yana da rauni kuma ba zai iya jure matsin lamba ba.

Sau da yawa ana amfani da shi a cikin yanayin gwaji ko aikin gwaji.

④Bututun yumbu:

Tukwane masu sinadarai suna kama da gilashi kuma suna da kyakkyawan juriya ga tsatsa. Baya ga hydrofluoric acid, fluorosilicic acid da alkalis masu ƙarfi, suna iya jure wa tarin acid marasa tsari, acid na halitta da kuma sauran sinadarai na halitta.

Saboda ƙarancin ƙarfi da karyewar sa, galibi ana amfani da shi don cire abubuwan da ke lalata magudanar ruwa da bututun iska.

⑤Bututun siminti:

Ana amfani da shi galibi a lokutan da buƙatun matsin lamba da rufe bututun haɗin ba su da yawa, kamar bututun najasa na ƙarƙashin ƙasa da bututun magudanar ruwa.