Tun farkon wannan shekara, farashin kaya a cikin kwantena na duniyakasuwasun ci gaba da hauhawa, wanda ya yi tasiri sosai kan kayan aiki na kasa da kasa, sufuri daciniki.

Ya zuwa karshen watan Agusta, adadin jigilar dakon kaya na kasar Sin zuwa kasashen waje ya kai maki 3,079, wanda ya karu da kashi 240.1 bisa dari a shekarar 2020, kuma ya ninka adadin tarihin da ya kai maki 1,336 kafin zagayen da aka samu a halin yanzu.

Wannan zagaye na haɓaka farashin ya ƙunshi kewayo mai faɗi. Kafin shekarar 2020, hauhawar farashin kaya a kasuwar kwantena ya fi maida hankali ne a wasu hanyoyi da wasu lokuta, amma wannan zagaye ya karu gaba daya. Farashin jigilar kayayyaki na manyan hanyoyi kamar hanyar Turai, hanyar Amurka, hanyar Japan-Koriya ta Kudu, hanyar Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya, da hanyar Bahar Rum ya karu da 410.5 bi da bi idan aka kwatanta da ƙarshen 2019. %, 198.2%, 39.1%, 89.7% and 396.7%.

"Ba a gani a da" farashin kaya yana ƙaruwa

Dangane da bunkasuwar da ake samu a kasuwar jigilar kwantena ta kasa da kasa, Jia Dashan, mataimakiyar shugaban cibiyar binciken harkokin sufurin ruwa ta ma'aikatar sufuri, wadda ta shafe shekaru da dama tana gudanar da bincike kan masana'antu, ita ma ta koka da "ba a taba gani ba".

Jia Dashan ya ce, ta fuskar bukatu, tattalin arzikin duniya ya ci gaba da farfadowa tun daga farkon wannan shekarar, kuma cikin sauri cinikayyar kasa da kasa ta sake samun bunkasuwa. Idan aka kwatanta da lokaci guda a cikin 2019, buƙatar jigilar kwantena ta karu da kusan 6%. Halin da ake ciki a kasar Sin ya fi kyau. Tun daga watan Yunin 2020, masana'antu da fitar da kayayyaki zuwa ketare sun samu ci gaba mai dorewa.

Ta fuskar samar da kayayyaki, ingancin aikin jiragen ruwa da annobar ta shafa ya ragu matuka. Kasashe sun kara yin rigakafin kamuwa da cututtuka da ake shigowa da su daga kasashen waje a tashoshin ruwa, da tsawaita lokacin siyan jiragen ruwa a tashoshin jiragen ruwa, da kuma rage yadda ake sarrafa kwantena. Matsakaicin lokacin jiragen ruwa na tsayawa a tashar ya karu da kusan kwanaki 2, kuma jiragen ruwa a tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Arewacin Amurka sun zauna a tashar na tsawon kwanaki 8. Rushewar canji ya karya ma'auni na asali. Idan aka kwatanta da yanayin da ainihin ma'auni na wadata da buƙatu a shekarar 2019 ya ɗan sami ragi, akwai ƙarancin kuɗi.wadatakusan 10%.

Ci gaba da ƙarancin wadatar ma'aikatan ya kuma ƙara ƙarancin. Halin rikice-rikicen annoba a cikin manyan ƙasashe masu ruwa da tsaki kamar Philippines da Indiya, haɗe da sauye-sauyen ma'aikatan da keɓewa, ya haifar da ci gaba da haɓaka farashin ma'aikatan jirgin a kasuwar teku.

Abubuwan da aka ambata a sama sun dame su, alaƙar yau da kullun tsakanin wadatar kasuwa da buƙata ta koma baya cikin sauri, kuma farashin jigilar kaya na kwantena ya ci gaba da ƙaruwa sosai.

Kididdigar da hukumar cinikayya da raya kasa ta MDD, hukumar kwastam da tashoshin jiragen ruwa ta kasar Sin ta fitar, ta nuna cewa, tun kafin barkewar annobar zuwa watan Yulin bana, an kammala cinikin sama da kashi 80 cikin 100 na adadin cinikin duniya ta hanyar ruwa, yayin da adadin kayayyakin da kasar Sin ke shigowa da su waje da kuma fitar da su ta teku ya kasance daga annobar. 94.3% na baya ya karu zuwa 94.8%.

"Bisa ga binciken da ya dace, a cikin cinikin shigo da kayayyaki na kasar Sin, yawan kayayyakin da kamfanonin cikin gida ke sarrafa hakkin jigilar kayayyaki ya kai kasa da kashi 30% na wannan bangare na kamfanonin zai fuskanci hauhawar farashin kayayyaki kai tsaye, yayin da mafi yawan sauran masana'antu a bisa ka'ida ba sa shafar farashin kayayyaki." Jia Dashan yayi nazari. A takaice dai, karin kudin da aka samu sakamakon karin kudin dakon kaya za a fara mika shi ne kai tsaye ga masu saye na kasashen waje, kuma tasirinsa kai tsaye ga kamfanonin kasar Sin kadan ne.

Duk da haka, a matsayin wani muhimmin tsadar kayayyaki, babu makawa karuwar farashin kayayyakin dakon kaya zai yi tasiri sosai kan kamfanonin kasar Sin, musamman ma a cikin raguwar ayyukan sufuri. Sakamakon raguwar jadawalin jiragen sama da kuma tsantsar sararin samaniya, ba a samun lamuni a harkokin ciniki na kamfanonin sarrafa kayayyaki na kasar Sin. Ko da an yi nasarar samar da odar, jigilar kayayyaki za ta shafi rashin sufuri, wanda hakan zai shafi aiwatar da odar kamfanin da tsarin samar da kayayyaki.

"Kananan masana'antu da matsakaitan masana'antu za su fi shafa." Jia Dashan ya yi imanin cewa, saboda rashin garantin kwangila na dogon lokaci, kanana da matsakaitan masana'antu sun fi neman ayyukan sufuri a kasuwannin tabo. Dangane da ikon ciniki da garantin iya aiki, suna fuskantar karuwar farashin kaya a halin yanzu. Matsalolin "akwatin yana da wuyar samuwa, kuma ɗakin yana da wuyar samuwa". Bugu da kari, sassan tashar jiragen ruwa na gefen kasa da kuma sassan kungiyoyin sufuri na cikin kasa za su kuma kara wasu karin farashin kaya da farashin ajiya saboda karuwar farashin kaya da kuma rage lokacin tashi.

Ƙara ƙarfin yana da wuyar warkewa

Dangane da bayanai daga cibiyoyin bincike na kasuwannin teku, ƙarfin rashin aiki na jiragen ruwa a duniya ya ragu zuwa ƙasa da 1%. Sai dai jiragen ruwa da dole ne a gyara su, kusan dukkanin karfin an sanya su a kasuwa. Yawancin masu mallakar jiragen ruwa sun fara haɓaka sikelin iya aiki, amma nisa mai nisa ba zai iya gamsar da ƙishirwa kusa ba. Masu jigilar kayayyaki har yanzu suna ba da rahoton cewa har yanzu ƙarfin yana da ƙarfi kuma yana da wahala a sami gida ɗaya.

Zhu Pengzhou, mamba a kasuwar hada-hadar sufurin jiragen ruwa ta Shanghai, ya bayyana cewa, ana kiran sarkar samar da sarkar ne saboda mafi girman iyakar karfin dukkan sarkar yana shafar tasirin gajeren jirgi. Misali, raguwar aikin tashar jiragen ruwa, karancin direbobin manyan motoci, da rashin isassun saurin saukewa da dawo da kwantena a masana'antu duk za su haifar da cikas. Kamfanonin layi suna haɓaka ƙarfin jigilar jiragen ruwa kawai ba za su iya haɓaka ƙarfin sarkar dabaru ba.

Jia Dashan ya yarda sosai. Dangane da buƙatu, idan aka kwatanta da daidai wannan lokacin a cikin 2019, buƙatar jigilar kwantena ta karu da kusan 6%. Dangane da iya aiki, iya aiki ya karu da kusan 7.5% akan lokaci guda. Ana iya ganin rashin daidaituwa tsakanin wadata da buƙatu ba saboda rashin isasshen ƙarfi ba ne. Rashin daidaiton karuwar buƙatun jigilar kayayyaki da annobar ta haifar, rashin tarawa da rarrabawa, cunkoso a tashar jiragen ruwa, da raguwar ingancin ayyukan jiragen ruwa sune manyan dalilan.

Saboda haka, masu mallakar jiragen ruwa na yanzu suna taka-tsan-tsan game da saka hannun jari a gine-ginen. By Agusta 2021, da rabo na oda iya aiki a cikin data kasance rundunar jiragen ruwa zai karu zuwa 21.3%, wanda shi ne nisa kasa da matakin na 60% a karshe shipping ganiya a 2007. Ko da wadannan jiragen ruwa da aka sa a cikin sabis kafin 2024, tare da wani talakawan shekara-shekara girma kudi na 3% da wani talakawan shekara-shekara kudi na 3% dismantling, da dangantaka za ta ci gaba da canzawa tsakanin iya aiki, da kuma ci gaba da dangantaka tsakanin 3%. farashin kaya masu yawa. matakin.

Yaushe "zai yi wahala samun gida" zai rage

Yawan hauhawar farashin kaya ba wai kawai bai dace da kamfanonin kasuwanci ba, har ma zai kawo babbar kasada da rashin tabbas ga kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki a cikin dogon lokaci.

Babban Kamfanin jigilar kayayyaki na kasa da kasa CMA CGM ya bayyana karara cewa daga watan Satumba na wannan shekara zuwa Fabrairun 2022, zai daina hauhawar farashin kayayyaki a kasuwar tabo. Hapag-Lloyd ya kuma bayyana cewa, ya dauki matakin daskare karuwar yawan kayan dakon kaya.

"Ana sa ran cewa ƙarshen 2021 zai haifar da koma baya na hauhawar farashin kaya a kasuwa, kuma yawan kayan dakon kaya zai shiga wuraren da ake kira a hankali. Tabbas, ba za a iya kawar da tasirin rashin tabbas na gaggawa ba." Zhang Yongfeng, babban mai ba da shawara na cibiyar binciken jiragen ruwa ta kasa da kasa ta Shanghai, kuma darektan cibiyar kula da harkokin sufurin jiragen ruwa ta kasa da kasa.

“Ko da an dawo da alakar samar da bukatu gaba daya zuwa matakin shekarar 2019, saboda karuwar farashin abubuwa daban-daban, yana da wahala farashin jigilar kayayyaki ya koma matakin 2016 zuwa 2019.” Jia Dashan said.

Idan aka yi la’akari da hauhawar farashin kaya a halin yanzu, ƙarin masu mallakar kaya suna da sha’awar sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyoyin dogon lokaci don kulle farashin jigilar kayayyaki, kuma adadin yarjejeniyar dogon lokaci a kasuwa yana ƙaruwa sannu a hankali.

Ma’aikatun gwamnati ma suna aiki tukuru. An fahimci cewa Ma'aikatar Sufuri, Ma'aikatar Kasuwanci da sauran sassan da suka dace sun aiwatar da manufofin haɓaka aiki a fannoni da yawa kamar faɗaɗa samar da kwantena, jagorantar kamfanonin layin don faɗaɗa iya aiki, da haɓaka ingantaccen sabis na dabaru don tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na sarkar samar da masana'antu ta duniya.